Английский язык . практическая работа 1

Практическая работа

Вариант 1

1. Comment on the actual division of the following sentences and the language

means used:

1) There was a studio couch and on the studio couch lay a man (Chandler).

2) There are several dialects in England.

3) Only then he realized the truth.

4) Chopra has the look of a guru who has arrived. And arrived he has (Time).

5) Appeal and fear were in his glance.

6) It was at that moment that I realized the truth.

7) "Albert, there's Mrs. Forrester to see you." (Maugham)

8) "Both in prose and verse you are absolutely first class." (Maugham)

2. Define the communicative sentence type and speech-act characteristics of the

given sentences, dwell on the actual division patterns used in them:

1. "You'd better put on your coat, Albert." (Maugham)

2. "What on earth do you mean by that?" (Maugham)

3. Why don't you write a good thrilling detective story? (Maugham)

4. "But you must play fair with your reader, my dear." (Maugham)

3. Образуйте формы множественного числа следующих существительных;

объедините их в следующие группы:

1) регулярные продуктивные формы множественного числа;

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2) супплетивные формы;

3) формы с архаичными суффиксами;

4) формы с заимствованными суффиксами;

5) формы множественного числа, омонимичные формам единственного числа.

Некоторые существительные могут иметь две формы множественного числа;

объясните разницу в значениях подобных «грамматических дублетов»:

foot, crisis, child, horse, stimulus, deer, louse, formula, man, pupil, ox, brother, cloth,

terminus, trout, cow, swine, datum, goose, virtuoso, sheep, cactus, antenna, leaf

4. Объедините в группы:

1) исчисляемые существительные;

2) существительные singularia tantum;

3) существительные pluralia tantum

army, cavalry, crowd, courage, peace, tongs, advice, peasantry, evidence, family,

money, hair, wages, acoustics.

5. Define the type of the morphemic distribution according to which the given

words are grouped.

MODEL: insensible - incapable The morphs "-ible" and "-able" are in complementary

distribution, as they have the same meaning but are different in their form which is

explained by their different environments.

a) impeccable, indelicate, illiterate, irrelevant;

b) undisputable, indisputable;

c) published, rimmed;

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d) seams, seamless, seamy.

6. Group the words according to a particular type of morphemic distribution.

MODEL: worked - bells - tells -fells - telling - spells - spelled - spelt -felled - bell.

spells - spelled: the allomorphs "-s" and "-ed" are in contrastive distribution (= fells -

felled); bell - bells: the allomorph "-s" and the zero allomorph are in contrastive

distribution; spelt - spelled: the allomorphs "-t" and "-ed" are in non-contrastive

distribution; worked - spelled: the allomorphs "-ed" [t] and "-ed" [d] are in

complementary distribution, etc.

1. burning - burns - burned - burnt;

2. dig - digs - digging - digged - dug - digger;

3. light - lit - lighted - lighting - lighter;

4. worked - working - worker - workable - workoholic.

7. Define the types of the clauses making up the following sentences:

1. As her invitation was so pressing, and observing that Carrie wished to go, we

promised we would visit her the next Saturday week (Grossmith).

2. Lupin, whose back was towards me, did not hear me come in. (Grossmith).

3. I rather disapprove of his wearing a check suit on a Sunday, and I think he ought

to have gone to church this morning (Grossmith).

4. It irritated the youth that his elder brother should be made something of a hero by

the women, just because he didn't live at home and was a lace-designer and

almost a gentleman (Lawrence).

5. But Alfred was something of a Prometheus Bound, so the women loved him

(Lawrence).

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6. She hated him in a despair that shattered her and broke her down, so that she

suffered sheer dissolution like a corpse, and was unconscious of everything save

the horrible sickness of dissolution that was taking place within her, body and

soul (Lawrence).

7. Strange as my circumstances were, the terms of this debate are as old and

commonplace as man (Stevenson).

8. Then, as the endless moment was broken by the maid's terrified little cry, he

pushed through the portieres into the next room (Fitzgerald).

9. La Falterona watched him scornfully as he groveled on the floor (Maugham).

8. Define the type of the subject and the predicate of the following sentences:

1. The door was opened by a scraggy girl of fifteen with long legs and a tousled

head (Maugham).

2. "We've been married for 35 years, my dear. It's too long." (Maugham)

3. I should merely have sent for the doctor (Maugham).

4. Mrs. Albert Forrester began to be discouraged (Maugham).

5. "Who is Corrinne?" "It's my name. My mother was half French." "That explains

a great deal." (Maugham)

6. I could never hope to please the masses (Maugham).

7. The coincidence was extraordinary (Maugham).

8. Why should the devil have all the best tunes? (Maugham)

9. No one yet has explored its potentialities (Maugham).

10. I'm fearfully late (Maugham).

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9. Define the types of syntactical relations between the constituents of the

following word combinations: 1. saw him, 2. these pearls, 3. insanely jealous.

10. Paraphrase the following circumlocutions using word combinations of the

pattern Adj + N:

1. insects with four wings,

2. youths with long hair,

3. a substance that sticks easily,

4. a colour that is slightly red,

5. manners typical of apes,

11. Point out participle I, gerund and verbal noun in the following sentences:

1. In the soul of the minister a struggle awoke. From wanting to reach the ears of Kate

Swift, and through his sermons to delve into her soul, he began to want also to look

again at the figure lying white and quiet in the bed (Anderson).

2. That was where our fishing began (Hemingway).

3. But she didn't hear him for the beating of her heart (Hemingway).

4. Henry Marston's trembling became a shaking; it would be pleasant if this were the

end and nothing more need be done, he thought, and with a certain hope he sat

down on a stool. But it is seldom really the end, and after a while, as he became too

exhausted to care, the shaking stopped and he was better (Fitzgerald).

12. Account for the use of the Complex Subject and Complex Object

constructions:

1. He heard a woman say in French that it would not astonish her if that

commenced to let fall the bombs (Fitzgerald).

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2. Over her shoulder, Michael saw a man come toward them to cut in (Fitzgerald).

3. It did the trick for Thomas Wolfe as long as he lived, and for a lot of others, too,

but exuberance seems to stop when a man gets past his middle thirties, or the

man himself stops (Saroyan).

4. He had expected the man to look like a giant, and to act something like one, but

the old writer had looked like a bewildered child... (Saroyan).

5. All cocktail parties are alike in that the idea is to drink and talk, but every party

is made special and unique by the combinations of people who happen to be at

them (Saroyan).

13. Open the brackets using the forms of degrees of comparison:

1. It is much (pleasant) to go bathing in bright weather than on a rainy day.

2. I'm sure he is the (true) friend I have.

3. He felt even (unhappy) after what he had heard.

4. It is (true) to say that Australian English is (little) influenced by American than

British English.

5. It was the (glad) day of her life.

14. Intensify the expressiveness of the utterances:

1. You have been kind to me, I appreciate this.

2. His position in the firm is better now than before.

15. Define the language means used to mark the gender distinctions of the nouns:

1. The tom-cat was sleeping on the window-sill.

2. Australia and her people invoke everyone's interest.

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3. Next week we are going to speak about the continent of Australia: its climate and

nature.

4. The tale says that the Mouse was courageous, he never let down his friends when

they were in danger.

5. Something is wrong with my car I can't start her.

Контрольные вопросы для письменного ответа

1. Опишите язык как системно-структурное образование.

2. Охарактеризуйте знаковый характер языка.

3. Дайте определение понятию оппозиции в грамматике. Типы оппозиций.

4. Охарактеризуйте грамматическую форму, грамматическое значение,

грамматическую категорию.

5. Опишите характерные черты строя современного английского языка.

6. Дайте определение понятиям синтетизм и аналитизм в английском языке.

7. Охарактеризуйте аналитические формы. Критерии АФ.

8. Обоснуйте проблему классификации частей речи.

9. Опишите нетрадиционные части речи в английском языке.

10. Охарактеризуйте служебные части речи.

11. Охарактеризуйте взаимодействие частей речи в английском языке.

12. Обоснуйте проблему падежа английского существительного.

13. Опишите категории наклонения.

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14. Охарактеризуйте видовременную систему английского глагола.

15. Опишите категорию залога.

16. В чем заключается сущность теории словосочетания в отечественной и

зарубежной лингвистике?

17. Опишите классификацию словосочетаний.

18. Охарактеризуйте предложение как основную единицу синтаксиса.

19. Опишите основные категории предложения.

20. Опишите ядерные предложения английского языка.

21. Охарактеризуйте принципы классификации предложений.

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