Эссе. Английский язык

The architectural and spatial environment is a unity of several main components: buildings and structures, the space between them and within them, and the elements of natural nature, to some extent included in the environment. The most important component of this unity are buildings and structures.

The functional purpose of buildings mainly determines their shape. And the functional purpose is primarily determined by the social needs of society, which depend on the inherent nature of production relations. Therefore, the typology in architecture reflects the nature of the production relations of society.

The primary typological classification of buildings and structures that currently exist includes four of their main groups, corresponding to the main types of human activity: everyday life, labor, and social and administrative activities:

 public buildings and facilities

 residential buildings

 industrial buildings and structures

 buildings and structures intended for the needs of agriculture

There are several types of three-dimensional compositions most commonly used in architectural practice.

By the nature of the relationship between functional groups of premises, the following main types of volumetric solutions are distinguished:

1. The centralized type of building (all groups of premises are located within one, main, volume; the connection between them is internal. The main development of the volume is vertically).

2. Blocked building type (the main groups of premises are located in separate blocks connected by heated transitions).

3. Pavilion type of building (separate groups of premises are connected by covered unheated passages or a section. The main development of the volume is horizontal). However, such a unit is conditional. Very often there are compositions that include the individual features of several types listed.