Профессиональный иностранный язык (Экономика)

2

Прочитайте текст и письменно переведите (см. слова после тек-

ста)

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

What Is Economics?

Economics is a science, which studies economy. Economy is

as old as humankind is. Economy is a directed activity of people

aimed at extracting, earning, distributing and using all kinds of

wealth. Wealth is made up of goods and services.

Economics studies much more than wealth in the form of

goods and services. For example, when people buy and sell goods

and services, they make use of information. People also become a

source of information to others. Information helps people make

decisions in their economic activities. For example, your decision

to buy a certain type of a DVD player is based on received infor-

mation about it from other people. Before you visit a dentist you'll

try to find out some information about this doctor. Later you will

pass on your experiences with the DVD player or the doctor to

other people. Information is an important part of decision-making.

Economics studies many things besides information. It deals

with the following:

Production, that is producing of goods and services.

Distribution, or the giving out and exchange of goods and

wealth.

Performing of services. Services include sales, repair, train-

ing, medical care, insurance, banking, etc.

Consumption is the use of goods and services by people.

Actions of governments. Such actions often affect the pro-

duction and distribution of wealth.

Actions and events in the world. These can affect decisions

made by people and government.

Goals of society. Some societies prefer growth, others stabil-

ity, economic justice, freedom.

Security of the nation.

3

Economics deals with anything that influences production,

distribution and consumption. Floods, the weather, politics and

wars can have important economic effects. For example, bad

weather in some countries of South America in autumn 1998 had

damaged the coffee plantations. The result was a sharp rise of cof-

fee prices all over the world. In 2003, events in the Middle East

led to a cut off Iranian oil to the United States. The oil shortage

made serious economic effects not only in the US, but also all

over the world.

Vocabulary List

economics наука изучающая экономическую деятельность

людей

economy экономика, народное хозяйство

a directed activity целенаправленная деятельность

all kinds of все виды

wealth ценности, блага

services услуги

goods товар, товары

buy (bought, bought) покупать

sell (sold, sold) продавать

make use of information использовать информацию

a certain type of определённый тип (вид) чего-либо

to find out выяснять

pass on one’s experience испытать, получить опыт

to deal with иметь дело с чем-либо или с кем-либо

goals of society цели общества

 Прочтите и письменно переведите следующие одно-

коренные слова, обращая внимание на словообразующие

суффиксы и обозначения частей речи:

a)

economy n economic adj economist n

economics n economical adj economize v.

b)

4

production n. productive adj. producer n.

producing n. productivity n. produce v.

 Прочтите и переведите письменно на русский язык

следующие имена существительные с суффиксом -tion,

попробуйте определить, от каких глаголов они образова-

ны:

-tion

information

situation

transportation

distribution

action

contraction

consumption

construction

inflation

 Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты нижепри-

ведённых словосочетаний. Сделать упражнение письмен-

но:

народное хозяйство

экономическая деятельность

влиять на производство

принимать решение

использовать информацию

распределение материальных

ценностей

распределение товаров и ус-

луг

потребление товаров и услуг

производство товаров и ус-

луг

направленная деятельность

экономический эффект

безопасность государства

 В нижеприведённых предложениях определите подле-

жащее и сказуемое. Помните, что функцию подлежащего

выполняют имена существительные в общем падеже без

предлогов, а глагол-сказуемое в повествовательном пред-

ложении находится справа от группы подлежащего

(письменно):

1. Economics studies many things.

2. Information helps people make decisions in their economic ac-

5

tivities.

3. Services include sales, repair, training, medical care, banking,

insurance, etc.

4. Actions of the government can affect the economy of the state.

5. Economics deals with anything that influences production, dis-

tribution, and consumption of wealth.

 Составьте предложения, выбрав из правой колонки

подходящее по смыслу завершение для каждого пункта из

левой колонки. Получившиеся предложения переведите на

русский язык (письменно):

1. Economics is ...

2. Economy is ...

3. Wealth is made up of ...

4. Production is ...

5. Distribution is ...

6. Performing of services

7. Consumption is ...

a. the giving out and exchange of

goods and wealth.

b. goods and services.

c. the producing of goods and ser-

vices

d. the use of goods and services by

people.

e. a directed activity of earning, dis-

tributing, and using of wealth.

f. include sales, repair, training,

banking, medical care, etc.

g. a science, which studies economy

that is what, how, and for whom

society producers.